Independence Day in Nigeria, celebrated on October 1st, marks the country’s liberation from British colonial rule in 1960. This day is a time for Nigerians to reflect on their history, celebrate their culture, and look forward to the future. Here’s a comprehensive look at the history and significance of Nigeria’s Independence Day.
Historical Background
Colonial Rule
British Colonization: Nigeria was colonized by the British in the late 19th century, becoming a British protectorate in 1914. The amalgamation of the Northern and Southern protectorates created the colony and protectorate of Nigeria .
Struggle for Independence: The quest for independence gained momentum after World War II, with various nationalist movements pushing for self-governance. Leaders such as Nnamdi Azikiwe, Obafemi Awolowo, and Ahmadu Bello played crucial roles in the independence movement .
Independence
October 1, 1960: Nigeria officially gained independence from Britain. Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa became the first Prime Minister, and Nnamdi Azikiwe became the first Governor-General. This marked the beginning of a new era of self-governance and national development .
Early Years of Independence
The early years of independence were marked by significant political and social changes. Nigeria adopted a federal system of government to accommodate its diverse ethnic and cultural groups. However, regional tensions and political conflicts soon emerged, leading to a series of military coups and a civil war .
Significance of Independence Day
National Unity
Cultural Celebration: Independence Day is a time for Nigerians to celebrate their rich cultural heritage, with traditional music, dance, and attire. Cultural festivals and parades are held across the country, showcasing Nigeria’s diverse traditions .
National Pride: The day fosters a sense of national pride and unity among Nigerians, regardless of ethnic or religious differences. It is a time to reflect on the progress made since independence and to reaffirm the commitment to national unity and development .
Reflection and Progress
Historical Reflection: It’s a day to reflect on the struggles and sacrifices made by the country’s founding fathers and nationalists. Their efforts laid the foundation for Nigeria’s sovereignty and development .
Future Aspirations: Nigerians also use this day to contemplate the nation’s progress and future, focusing on development and growth. Discussions on issues such as education, healthcare, infrastructure, and economic development are common during Independence Day celebrations .
Challenges and Achievements
Political Instability: Nigeria has faced periods of political instability, including military coups and civil unrest. Despite these challenges, the country has made significant strides in establishing democratic governance .
Economic Growth: Nigeria has seen growth in various sectors, including technology, entertainment (Nollywood), and agriculture. The country continues to work towards economic diversification and sustainable development .
Celebrations and Traditions
Parades and Events
Military Parades: Major cities, especially Abuja, the capital, host grand military parades showcasing the strength and unity of the Nigerian armed forces. These parades include displays of military equipment, performances by military bands, and speeches by government officials .
Cultural Festivals: Various cultural events, including music and dance performances, are held to celebrate the nation’s diversity. These events highlight the unique traditions and customs of Nigeria’s many ethnic groups .
Public Participation
Community Events: Communities organize events such as sports competitions, educational seminars, and social gatherings. These events promote community spirit and provide opportunities for people to come together and celebrate .
Youth Involvement: Schools and universities often hold special programs to educate students about the importance of Independence Day. Activities such as essay competitions, debates, and cultural displays help young people understand and appreciate their country’s history and heritage .
Global Celebrations
Nigerians living abroad also celebrate Independence Day with various events and activities. These celebrations help maintain a connection to their homeland and promote Nigerian culture globally .
Challenges and Achievements
Post-Independence Challenges
Political Instability: Nigeria has faced periods of political instability, including military coups and civil unrest. Despite these challenges, the country has made significant strides in establishing democratic governance since returning to civilian rule in 1999 .
Economic Issues: Despite its wealth of natural resources, Nigeria has struggled with economic challenges, including corruption and poverty. Efforts to diversify the economy and reduce dependence on oil have been ongoing .
Achievements
Democratic Governance: Nigeria has made significant strides in establishing democratic governance. Regular elections, the growth of civil society, and improvements in governance have contributed to political stability .
Economic Growth: The country has seen growth in various sectors, including technology, entertainment (Nollywood), and agriculture. Initiatives to promote entrepreneurship and innovation have also been successful .
Ongoing Efforts
Efforts to address challenges such as poverty, unemployment, and infrastructure development continue. The government and private sector are working together to create a more inclusive and sustainable economy .
Nigeria’s National Anthem Controversy
Recently, Nigeria decided to revert to its previous national anthem, “Nigeria, We Hail Thee,” which was originally used from 1960 until 1978. This change has sparked considerable debate and controversy across the nation. Many Nigerians have expressed mixed feelings about this decision, as the anthem “Arise, O Compatriots” had been a significant part of the country’s identity since 1978 .
The Previous Anthem (Now the New Anthem)
Nigeria, We Hail Thee
Nigeria, we hail thee, Our own dear native land, Though tribes and tongues may differ, In brotherhood we stand, Nigerians all, and proud to serve Our sovereign Motherland.
Our flag shall be a symbol That truth and justice reign, In peace or battle honour’d, And this we count as gain, To hand on to our children A banner without stain.
O God of all creation, Grant this our one request. Help us to build a nation Where no man is oppressed, And so with peace and plenty Nigeria may be blessed .
Conclusion
Nigeria’s Independence Day is more than just a public holiday; it’s a symbol of freedom, unity, and national pride. As Nigerians celebrate this significant day, they reflect on their history, honor their cultural heritage, and aspire for a brighter future. The journey since independence has been marked by challenges and achievements, and the country’s resilience and determination continue to drive progress.
ASUU decries number of first-class graduates from private universities
The Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) has frowned at the “increasing numbers of first-class graduates” churned out annually by private universities in the country.
The ASUU National President, Prof. Emmanuel Osodeke, raised the concern on Thursday at an event organised by the body in honour of Prof. Andy Egwunyenga’s successful tenure as Vice Chancellor of Delta State University (DELSU).
The event took place at the DELSU campus, Abraka, Ethiope East Local Government Area of Delta.
Osodeke said that if public universities adopt the same practice without regulation, it could lead to the decline of genuine academic pursuits.
According to him, primary and secondary schools nowadays are producing graduates with excellent grades with insufficient knowledge.
The union leader also decried what he called “the mass exodus” of skilled Nigerian workers to nations perceived to be offering better work and living conditions.
He said that incidents like building collapse in the country indicated there were significant issues within the nation’s institutions.
“The struggle for academics to enjoy a decent standard of living saw some measure of successes in the past when academics could sustain a comfortable life.
“The situation has changed; the unions must return to the frontline for a renewed phase of their struggle.
“ASUU will consistently speak out against injustices and support fairness,” he said.
A member of the union, Prof. Omotoye Olorode, spoke on the topic: “New University Curricula (CCMAS): Context and Matters Arising” .
He said that the CCMAS functioned as an imperialistic mechanism aimed at disrupting the established academic structures in the country’s universities.
Olorode said this was designed to perpetuate a system, where Africans remain agricultural labourers to support the agricultural needs of developed nations.
“UNESCO recommends that 26 per cent of the nation’s budget should be allocated to education.
“Nigeria has never reached more than seven per cent, which reflects our stagnation and reluctance to facilitate growth in the education sector,” he said.
He congratulated the outgoing DELSU vice chancellor on a job well done.
The Chairman of DELSU ASUU, Dr Paul Opone, extended his heartfelt wishes to Egwunyenga.
He said that DELSU had been in dire need of a leader since 2019 to navigate the troubled waters caused by poor leadership.
He praised Egwunyenga for meeting the expectations of ASUU and the university community which, according to him, resulted in widespread celebration across all sectors of the institution.
“This is the first occasion where ASUU had to honour a lecturer at DELSU with such a celebration.
“Prof. Egwunyenga deserves far more than the praises he has received,” he said.
Responding, Egwunyenga expressed joy over the numerous accolades he received from across the three senatorial districts of the state.
He disclosed that his approach as vice chancellor was influenced by the narratives found in Festus Iyayi’s book, “Demons and Monsters”.
The Kulen Allah Cattle Rearers Association of Nigeria ( KACRAN) has described the proposed state police as too expensive and risky to implement.
Alhaji Khalil Bello, KACRAN National President, said this in a statement in Damaturu on Friday.
He said the cost of establishing state police, depending on a state’s population, was between N10 billion to N30 billion, while monthly salaries and operational costs would gulp about N3 billion.
“These expenditures could divert critical resources from essential public services such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure, which are vital for the development and well-being of the region,” he said.
Bello said there were also concerns over abuse of state police by the politicians.
“There is a risk that these forces could be used to serve the interests of local political leaders rather than the broader public, leading to the victimisation of opposition parties and creating an environment of lawlessness and anarchy.
“Such a scenario could undermine the rule of law and erode public trust in law enforcement,” he said.
He recommended redirecting resources toward initiatives that would promote sustainable development and long-term prosperity for the country.
Bello listed the initiatives as including agriculture investment, youth employment, and industrial and infrastructure development.
The president also proposed the establishment of a security foundation fund in which monthly donation would be made to support the police.
“KACRAN calls on the Arewa Consultative Forum, the Northern Consultative Forum, emirs, and all northern leaders to oppose the establishment of state police.
“We believe that focusing on social services and economic development will yield greater benefits for the region than the creation of state police, which may ultimately exacerbate existing challenges.
“ By investing in sustainable initiatives, Northern states can create a more secure, prosperous, and harmonious society for all citizens,” he said.
Gov Okpebholo Suspends Recruitment Into State Civil Service
Edo State Governor, Senator Monday Okpebholo, has approved the suspension of recruitment into the state’s civil service until further notice.
The Governor has also ordered for a comprehensive review of all recruitment exercises carried out by the Godwin Obaseki-led administration between May-November 2024.
In a communication notice signed by the Secretary to State Government (SSG), Musa Umar Ikhilor on Friday, the Governor accused heads of various Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) of carrying out clandestine recruitment exercises into the State’s civil service.
The notice read: “The Governor of Edo State, His Excellency, Senator Monday Okpebholo is in receipt of report of the clandestine activities being perpetuated by some Commissions, Boards, Parastatals and Agencies of Government in the State.
“Preliminary investigation reveals that these bodies have continued to issue back dated letters of employment to their cronies without due process.
“For the avoidance of doubt, this Administration believes in the principle of fairness and equity which expects that all employment exercise should be merit based, competitive and accessible to all Edo indigenes.
“In light of the foregoing and in order to arrest this ugly trend, the Governor of Edo State, His Excellency, Senator Monday Okpebholo has directed the immediate suspension of all employment processes as well as the review of all appointments carried out since May, 2024 by Commissions, Boards, Parastatals and Agencies of Government.
“Heads of Ministries, Departments and Agencies are to note and comply with the above directive.”
Signed: Fred Itua, Chief Press Secretary to Edo State Governor
We’ll reintroduce rejected bills on 6-year single term—34 Rep. members
The 34 House of Representatives members who sponsored the bill to amend the 1999 Constitution to provide for a six-year single term for the president have resolved to reintroduce the bill.
Rep. Ikenga Ugochinyere (PDP-Imo) said this in a statement in Abuja on Friday, following the rejection of the bill on Nov. 21 during plenary.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that the bill sought the introduction of a six-year single term for the president, governors and local government chairmen.
NAN also reports that the bill sought zonal rotation of presidential and governorship seats, as well as holding all elections in one day.
Ugochinyere, however, said that all hope was not lost on the bill, as more consultations would be done.
The lawmaker, who is the lead sponsor of the bill, said that the decision on the floor of the house would not put an end to agitation and hope, insisting that the objective behind the bill would be realised.
“The struggle to reform our constitutional democracy to be all-inclusive and provide an avenue for justice, equity and fairness has not been lost.
“The decision on the floor of the house yesterday (Thursday) not to allow the bill for six-year single tenure and all elections to hold in one day will not end the agitation,” he said.
Ugochinyere described the rejection of the bill as a temporary setback that would not affect the campaign for an all-inclusive democratic process.
“We are going to review this decision and find possible ways of reintroducing it after, following due legislative procedures.
“All I can tell Nigerians is that we will continue the advocacy and convince our colleagues to see reason with us.
“If elections are held in one day, it will reduce cost and rigging.
“If power rotates, it will help de-escalate political tensions and six-year single term will go a long way in helping elective leaders to focus on delivering their democratic mandate,” he said.
Delta approves N713m for 2024 students bursary payment — Official
Gov. Sheriff Oborevwori of Delta has approved the sum of N713 million for the 2024 bursary award for 32,028 students in tertiary institutions in the country.
The Executive Secretary of the State Bursary and Scholarship Board, Dr. Godfrey Enita, disclosed this in a statement made available to newsmen on Thursday in Asaba.
According to Enita, the governor’s approval for the year 2024, the bursary award will cover students of state origin in public and private universities.
“It also covers students in polytechnics, mono-technics, colleges of education, schools of nursing science, and other tertiary schools, including military and paramilitary institutions.
He described the governor’s gesture as rare and uncommon and should be applauded.
“The governor demonstrates his magnanimity and goodwill towards the well-being of the Delta students and youths in general.
“It also underscores his commitment towards educational advancement through financial assistance to students in diverse forms and through massive infrastructural development in schools across the state.
“It is hoped, as always, that beneficiaries of the state’s financial assistance schemes will continue to be worthy ambassadors of Delta wherever they find themselves,” he said.
Survey shows 71% of households affected by food price hike
A new survey report just released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) shows that the most prevalent shock affecting 71 per cent of households in Nigeria is price increases on major food items in the last 12 months.
The survey, 2023/24 General Household Survey-Panel, commonly called (GHS-Panel) Wave-5, is a follow-up to the 2018/2019 GHS Wave-4.
It seeks to enhance the understanding of household living conditions and provide government and other policymakers with reliable information for effective policy decision-making in Nigeria.
It specifically collects information on household income, assets and consumption, income-generating activities, health, education as well as shocks.
The survey conducted in collaboration with the World Bank and released yesterday in Abuja said 48.8 per cent of households surveyed reported that their main mechanism for coping with the increase in the prices of food items was reducing food consumption.
The report further said that 65.8 per cent of the households indicated being unable to eat healthy, nutritious or preferred foods because of lack of money.
The report also shows that 73.0 per cent of survey household members ages 10 to 19 were enrolled in school during 2018/2019 Wave 4 survey. But by 2023/2024 Wave 5 survey, the proportion of the people who were in school had decreased to 44.8 per cent, as 34.8 per cent of those previously enrolled were now out of school.
In the area of energy access, the survey shows that only 40.4 percent of households in rural areas had access to electricity compared to 82.2 per cent of urban households.
It also reports that many households lack toilet facilities and rely on tube wells or boreholes for drinking water. It noted that waste disposal is mostly informal, with 45.6 per cent using bushes or streets.
In his address during the launch of the report, the Statistician General of the Federation (SGF), Prince Adeyemi Adeniran, said the survey is a multi-topic data collection exercise that serves as an essential tool for capturing the dynamics of Nigerian households, providing invaluable insights into their economic activities, well-being, and resilience.
He said it is a longitudinal survey, meaning that it tracks and interviews the same respondents over time. “In the 5th Wave of the survey, approximately the same 5000 households have been followed and interviewed across five waves,” he said.
“This includes Wave One conducted in 2010/11, Wave Two in 2012/13, Wave Three in 2015/16, Wave Four in 2018/19, and now Wave Five conducted in 2023/24.”
He said available records indicate that, over the last five years, the survey findings have been used to design several projects and intervention programmes worth approximately $8.9 billion across many sectors which include Agriculture and Food, Education, Water, Social Protection and Jobs, Governance, and several others.
In his goodwill message, the World Bank’s Country Director for Nigeria, Dr Ndiame Diop, said the survey was important in understanding how Nigerian households responded to policy changes, crises and shocks.
Diop, who was represented by Vinay Vutukuru, Programme Leader, Sustainable Development, Nigeria, however, said the key thing was how the data would be used by ministries and stakeholders for effective policy formulation to achieve economic and sustainable growth.
He pledged the bank’s continuous support in working with the NBS to strengthen Nigeria’s statistical system.
